SEMESTER – II Note: The syllabus has 15 topics to be covered in 25-hour lectures in total, with 2 lectures in each topic from 2 to 11 and one each for the topics 1 and 12 to 15 . 1. Environment Concept: Introduction, the concept of biosphere – lithosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere; Natural resources – their need and types; Principles and scope of Ecology; concepts of the ecosystem, population, community, biotic interactions, biomes, ecological succession. 2. Atmosphere: Parts of atmosphere, components of air; pollution, pollutants, their sources, permissible limits, risks and possible control measures. 3. Hydrosphere: Types of aquatic systems; Major sources (including ground water) and uses of water, problems of the hydrosphere, fresh water shortage; pollution and pollutants of water, permissible limits, risks and possible control measures. 4. Lithosphere: Earth crust, soil – a life support system, its texture, types, components, pollution and pollutants, reasons of ...
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